#Australian Coal suppliers

[warningsine]

Taipei/Sydney, Aug. 22 (CNA) The Australian Senate passed an "urgency motion" Wednesday in support of Taiwan's sovereignty and participation in international organizations.

Senators agreed by vote to move the motion: "That United Nations (U.N.) Resolution 2758 of 25th October 1971 does not establish the People's Republic of China's (PRC) sovereignty over Taiwan and does not determine the future status of Taiwan in the United Nations, nor Taiwanese participation in U.N. agencies or international organizations."

Supported by lawmakers from across the political spectrum, the motion was co-sponsored by Senators David Fawcett of South Australia and Deborah O'Neill of New South Wales, both of whom visited Taiwan last month to attend the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China's (IPAC) annual conference.

Addressing Parliament House in Canberra, Fawcett, of the main opposition Liberal Party, said the motion was "urgent" because of the "growing risk to the security and stability in the Indo-Pacific."

"It's important not just for the human rights of the 23.5 million people in the democracy that is Taiwan," Fawcett said, "but for the impact that a decrease in security and a conflict there would have on the rules-based order that underpins peace and security around the world, as well as for the global economic impact, which Australia would not escape."

O'Neill followed Fawcett's remarks by saying that "the resolution does not mention Taiwan or address its political status."

"Despite this fact, there is an ongoing and egregious campaign currently underway from the PRC to reinterpret the resolution and misrepresent what the resolution actually does," she said, referring to China's attempts to minimize Taiwan's participation in the international community.

O'Neill, of the ruling Labor Party, said it was "not in the interest of the international community to have 24 million Taiwanese excluded" from critical bodies such as the International Civil Aviation Organization and the World Health Organization.

Senator Jacqui Lambie of Tasmania said that "the people of Taiwan continuously reject reunification with the Chinese Communist Party, with less than 5 percent of support for the reunification in Taiwan."

"The Chinese Communist Party has no business in destroying democracy in Taiwan," she said. "Australia must stand up against the Chinese Communist Party and back the more than 22 million people of Taiwan who choose democracy and freedom over the authoritarianism of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)," she added.

Senator Raff Ciccone of Victoria, who is also deputy government whip in the Senate, said that Australia's economic, trade and cultural interests with Taiwan "cannot be understated."

Pledging to continue energy cooperation and support Taiwan's transition to renewable energies, Ciccone told the house that Australia was currently Taiwan's largest energy supplier, contributing "around two-thirds of Taiwan's coal and almost half of its natural gas."

Senator Pauline Hanson of Queensland voiced her view that Australia and the rest of the world "should recognize Taiwan for the independent sovereign nation it has effectively been since the 1950s."

"[The CCP] regime's highest priority is to capture Taiwan -- most likely by force -- and turn that beautiful island nation of 24 million free people into another oppressed, polluted, communist hellhole," she added.

Rebuking former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating, who recently said that the whole world agreed with Beijing's position on Taiwan, Chandler described his claim as "false."

"I think there are questions to be asked about why Australians should pay to support private office for a former official who consistently pushes a false narrative about Australia's policy, especially when that false narrative aligns with that being pushed by foreign regimes such as the CCP," Chandler said.

Finally, Senator Linda Reynolds of Western Australia said Beijing had been "gaslighting" Taiwan and warned that China had formed an "axis of dictatorship and authoritarianism" with Russia, Iran and North Korea.

On Thursday, Taiwan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) welcomed the Australian senators' pro-Taiwan motion, describing it as "just."

"MOFA strongly affirms the Australian parliament's firm support for Taiwan's international participation and thanks Australia and IPAC for speaking out for Taiwan," the ministry told CNA.

"We also call on the international community to jointly counter China's misinterpretation of U.N. General Assembly Resolution 2758 and China's attempts to make false connections between the resolution and the so-called 'One China' principle."

"We will continue to cooperate with partners like Australia and other countries to jointly defend the core values shared by the global democratic camp and maintain regional peace, stability and prosperity," the ministry added.

The PRC claims Taiwan as a part of its territory and has ramped up threats to use military force to annex the country in recent years. Since assuming China's seat in the U.N. following Resolution 2758 in 1971, the government in Beijing has continually pressured other countries to exclude Taiwan from international organizations.

[miningequipment]

The Foundation of the Sector: Discovering the Australian Mining Equipment Suppliers

Australian mining equipment suppliers, renowned for their enormous mineral richness and competitiveness on the international stage, are a vital pillar of the country's economy. Significant reserves of gold, coal, iron ore, and other commodities make dependable, superior mining equipment essential.

A key component of engineering is hydraulic design calculations, which entail studying and using the concepts of fluid mechanics to create fluid-transporting system designs. For industrial operations, wastewater treatment plants, and water supply networks, precise hydraulic calculations are crucial to dependability, efficiency, and safety.

Why Hydraulic Design Estimates Matter?

Efficiency: Proper hydraulic design estimates assist guarantee that systems work effectively, limiting energy consumption and saving operational expenses. This is particularly crucial for large-scale systems, as even minor inefficiencies can result in huge losses in terms of money.

Safety: Precise computations aid in avoiding problems like leaks, burst pipes, and other malfunctions that might endanger people's lives. Designing systems that can endure operating pressures requires an understanding of pressure drops and flow rates.

Regulatory Compliance: When it comes to fluid transport and environmental effects, many engineering projects have to abide by municipal, state, and federal standards. Compliance of designs with these regulations is guaranteed by hydraulic design calculations.

Sustainability: Water waste as well as electricity consumption may be greatly decreased by using efficient hydraulic systems, which helps engineering projects achieve their overall sustainability goals.

Australia's Prospects for Mining Equipment Providers

Equipment providers will continue to play a critical role as Australia's mining sector develops and changes. Suppliers will have the best chance of succeeding if they embrace technological breakthroughs and put the requirements of their clients first.

Australian mining equipment providers are vital to the success of the mining sector, supplying the tools and technologies necessary for profitable and secure operations. These vendors are influencing the direction of mining in Australia by demonstrating a dedication to creativity, environmentalism, and quality.

Source

[head-post]

China to lift 4-year trade ban on Australian lobsters

China will resume imports of Australian live lobsters by the end of the year, removing the last major obstacle to bilateral trade that once cost Australian exporters more than 20 billion Australian dollars (US$13 billion) a year, Australia’s Prime Minister said on Thursday.

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese made the announcement after meeting Prime Minister Li Qiang on the sidelines of a Southeast Asian summit in Vientiane, Laos.

The lobster ban was the latest in a string of official and unofficial trade barriers Beijing has agreed to lift since the election of Albanese’s centre-left Labour Party government in 2022. Albanese told reporters:

I’m pleased to announce that Premier Li and I have agreed on a timetable to resume full lobster trade by the end of this year. This of course will be in time for Chinese New Year and this will be welcomed by the people engaged in the live lobster industry.

Albanese assured that relations with China have been improved without jeopardising Australian interests. Beijing is unhappy with the restrictions Australia has placed on some Chinese investments due to security concerns. He also added:

What’s important is that friends are able to have direct discussions. It doesn’t imply agreement, it doesn’t imply compliance and I’ll always represent Australia’s national interest. That’s what I did today; it was a very constructive meeting. I’m encouraged by the progress that we have made between Australia and China’s relationship in producing stabilization to the benefit of both of our nations and with the objective of advancing peace and security in the region.

The Chinese embassy in Australia did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Thursday.

Australia’s biggest export market for lobsters

China is Australia’s biggest export market for lobster, with more than 727 million Australian dollars ($506 million) worth of the crustacean exported to the country in 2019, the last year of normal lobster exports to the country, according to the International Trade Centre.

Beijing halted trade with Australia in 2020 on a range of products including lobster, coal, wine, barley, beef and timber as diplomatic relations plunged to new depths.

In some cases, Australian suppliers have been able to find other buyers and new markets have proved more lucrative. For example, Australian coking coal producers have shifted their focus to Europe and India.

Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website says China is the country’s largest trading partner. As of July 2022, it accounted for a third of foreign trade. The report says that despite the restrictions, trade with China still grew by 6.3 per cent in 2020-2021, mainly driven by exports.

During a state visit to Australia in June, Li said he had agreed with Albanese to “properly resolve” differences between their countries. Beijing has broken off contact between ministers in the nine years the conservatives have been in power.

Read more HERE

[auzziebulkbags]

Top Reasons to Invest in Mining Bulk Bags in Melbourne

It's has Melbourne has been the hub for Australia's mining industry and which relies on the efficiency and safe handling of bulk materials. Mining bulk bags Melbourne, FIBC (Flexible intermediate bulk containers), are key elements that support the transportation of material. The companies engaged in the mining industry, investing in quality mining bags in Melbourne has a lot of advantages for them.

Cost-Effectiveness

Reduced Storage Costs: In contrast to burly containers, the bags are foldable and you need far smaller space to store them while not in use. The implications of this approach are tremendous in terms of cutting down on the expenditure on rental space.  This is an issue of particular concern for most of the city municipalities of Melbourne where real estate rates are high.

Lower Transportation Costs: The mining bags are very light in weight compared to their payload capacity. This not only drives down the transportation cost, mainly when transportation of material over long distances is the usual practice in mining along with the Australian view.

Efficient Handling: In general, bulk bags are a choice considered convenient for loading and discharging. Their versatile character is the reason why they can be used in a very effective way for transportation and they also make the handling of them at mines and processing facilities easier. In other words, mechanization eliminates manual work by loading and unloading goods, which makes the overall costs of labor less.

Versatility and Durability:

Wide Range of Materials:Mining bags are manufactured in multiple sizes and with different constructions thus, mining industry can choose the product that satisfies its needs. The types of materials they can transport are also very wide like coal, minerals, sand and even hazardous materials when they are appropriately certified.

Durability and Puncture Resistance: manufactured out of the woven polypropylene fibers bags, mining bags are designed to stand the notorious mining vicinities and their tough situations. The strong nature of packaging materials enables it to resist punctures, tears, and abrasion to make the containment of your products completely safe.

Safety and Environmental Benefits:

Reduced Spills and Dust: Unlike open top dump trucks and open bottom containers, mining bags propose a closed circuit for the material transportation. It is this, which makes the process so much more reliable and safe both for the miners being able to work in a cleaner and safer environment and in terms of the process also minimizing environmental impact.

Safe Handling: The Mining bags have lifting loops and discharge spouts which make safe and efficient handling by the forklift or crane possible. Employing this approach prevents a lot of the office accidents that usually result from manual lifting and transportation activities.

Sustainable Option: Contrastingly with some of instant use packaging like papers, bags in mining can be re-used. If carefully maintained and checked, they can be a sustainable and affordable way of moving large volumes of materials.

Compliance and Regulations:

Meeting Industry Standards: Bags commonly used for mining are made from material that's requirement meets the APC's strict industry standards and the regulations imposed by other regulatory bodies. This way, compliant bags will be your surety that your task is at par with safety and environmental laws.

Safe Transportation of Hazardous Materials: In the case of shipping hazardous materials, there are designated rules and certifications to be followed. In Melbourne, the factories which are renowned for the quality can usually give such mining bags, which are classified as particular hazard classes in order to avoid undesirable scenarios and provide safe transportation.

Supporting the Local Economy:

By purchasing mining bags that are from local suppliers in Melbourne, not only you help to boost the local economy and jobs creation, but most importantly you support the local small businesses. A lot of Melbourne suppliers are affordable and provide great customer service, so you can be confident that you are getting the best of both worlds.

Choosing the Right Mining Bags in Melbourne Selecting Appropriate Working Bags in Melbourne

When selecting Mining Bulk Bags Melbourne, consider the following factors:While mining bags shopping in Melbourne, pay attention for the next things that you should’ve done:

Material to be transported: Then design the bag finding its size, scale and any possible risks.

Size and Capacity:Choose the size bag that will carry the space you need as you haul the necessaries.

Safety Features: Use the hose that has handy extras such as lifting loops, discharge spouts and (if there’s any) the certificates of compliance for the particular hazard groups against which it has to meet the demands.

Durability:On bags, you should choose bags made of best quality Polypropylene fabrics with traces of history about the durability.

Supplier Reputation: Go with a dependable minerals dealer in Melbourne who stocks a whole range of bags, that provides great customer service, and which has competitive prices.

Having your mining business equipped with mine bulk bags will made your business in Melbourne have a vastly superior choice of options to choose from. The costs, adaptability, safety and pace of achieving the environmental responsibility are the factors that any mining operation must follow in order to survive. We will walk you through the various factors and supply an expert from Melbourne, to afford you mining bags that are crucial for running your operations successfully in a sustainable mining environment.

Additional Considerations:

Customization:Some of the Melborne suppliers deals in branded bags where all details of the specific mining purposes are crucial.

Recycling Options:Why not explore the possibility of using the landscape material bags that are already in use in some countries by proper waste management programs.

Via the evaluation of these features, you will have a more in-depth understanding of the bulk bags, therefore, allowing you to take the advantage the the mining of this bulk bags in Melbourne.

Read More 

Why Mining Bags Are Integral Parts in Various Industries

[quantzigblogs]

Top 5 Manufacturers of Explosives Companies

Originally Published on: SpendEdge | Top 5 Companies Involved in Explosives Manufacturing

Explosives were primarily used in military conflict applications a few decades ago. They are now necessary for numerous sectors, including those that use dynamite, polymer bond, rubberized, castings, pressings, and castings. Their sensitivity to initiating agents, detonation velocity, stability, power, brilliance, density, and hygroscopic nature are typically used to classify them. Depending on their velocity, they can be divided into high and low explosives. They are now necessary in industries like quarrying, mining, engineering, and building. Explosives are commonly used to connect metals, launch rockets into orbit, and create industrial diamonds, among other things. A rapid rise in mining activities led to the mining segment accounting for the highest revenue share (75%–80%) of the worldwide explosives market, according to the SpendEdge procurement market intelligence research.

Top 5 Firms Controlling the Manufacturing of Explosives ORICA

The largest supplier of industrial explosives and blasting equipment worldwide is an Australian business called Orica. The business also specializes in offering ground support services for mining and tunneling. The business provides services to the mining, quarrying, construction, and oil & gas industries. Some of the company's primary products include packaged explosives, emulsifiers, electronic blasting systems, bulk systems, and initiating systems. With nearly 11,500 employees, the corporation recorded fiscal year 2016 revenues of US$3.79 billion. Sasol

The integrated energy and chemical corporation Sasol creates and markets technologies, including those for synthetic fuels, and generates various liquid fuels, chemicals, and power. It is also the first oil from coal firm in the world. The business, which today conducts business in 33 nations, is the biggest corporate taxpayer in South Africa. Products including fertilizers, explosives, solvents, and polymers are part of their chemical product line. For its explosives business, Sasol recorded sales of 245 ktpa in 2017. Hanwha

Hanwha is a manufacturer of explosives with diversified operations in financial services and retail. MegaMITE, MegaMEX, NewMITE Plus, NewVEX, LoVEX, and NewFINEX are among the commercial explosives in their product line. Electrical welding, train transition joints, chemical and power facilities, and structural transition joints all employ their products. Hanwha officially announced a five-year agreement with Whitehaven Coal in 2016 to offer all bulk, initiating, and down-the-hole services in Australia. MAXAMCorp

The Sociedad Espaola de la Pólvora Dinamita, which served as the foundation for MAXAMCorp, was established by Alfred Nobel in 1872. The business provides high-tech goods and services in the areas of chemicals, terra solutions, outdoor activities, and defense. Some of its main products include blasting solutions, cartridges and gunpowder, and raw ingredients for the nitro chemical industry. One of its brands, EXPAL, specializes in demilitarization by recycling explosives recovered from various industries, including the mining industry, demolition, and infrastructure construction. Chemring

Chemring is a global company that offers a variety of high-tech goods and services to the defense, civil defense, and important business clients worldwide. The company that excels in Europe for producing IM explosives, energetic devices, solid propellants, and subsystems. Some of the company's main products include rocket motors, propellant materials, canopy cutting charges, linear explosives, cartridge-actuated devices (CAD/PADs), propellant-actuated devices (PADs), fuze and safe/arm units, flight termination systems, pyro-mechanisms and actuators, warheads and charges, primers, and initiators.

In SpendEdge's upcoming study on the worldwide explosives market, learn more about the leading manufacturers of explosives, as well as sourcing tactics, procurement best practices, pricing strategy, and supply chain difficulties. To contact our specialists, click here.

[naveenkumarsin32]

Australia import export data | China eyeing Australian coal to meet domestic demand

China eyeing Australian coal to meet domestic demand. Gain key insights on the Australia market with Australia customs data reports. Access detailed Australia import export data by hs code, product, price, quantity, unit, country of origin, destination, loading/unloading port, importer and exporter details. Plan an impactful marketing strategy based on these key insights and excel your sales to the global market with the help of accurate global import export data statistics report. Drop your inquiry at info@eximtradedata.com and avail a free sample. https://eximtradedata.com/australia-import-export-data

More information about Australia to resume its timber exports to China : https://globalimportexportdataprovider.blogspot.com/2023/07/australia-to-resume-its-timber-exports.html

[solmartsolor]

Shaping Australia& Clean Energy Future: The Game-Changing Role of Solmart& Wholesale Solar Distribut

Australia is a nation that has long been associated with coal and other fossil fuels. However, the country has made significant strides toward a cleaner, more sustainable energy future over the past decade. Driven by government policy, consumer demand, and industry innovation, the shift toward renewable energy sources has been remarkable.  

One of the most exciting developments in this space has been the rise of solar energy. Australia is ideally positioned to use this technology as a nation blessed with abundant sunshine. And one company that has been instrumental in advancing the cause of solar energy is Solmart.  

In this blog post, we’ll examine how Solmart shapes Australia’s clean energy future through wholesale solar distribution services. We’ll explore the importance of solar energy in the Australian context and how Solmart’s business model is helping to drive down costs and make solar energy more accessible to everyday Australians.   

The Importance of Solar Energy in Australia  

 Before diving into Solmart’s role in the solar energy space, let’s step back and examine why solar energy is so vital for Australia. Australia’s energy mix relies heavily on coal, accounting for around 60% of the country’s electricity generation.   

While coal has played an essential role in powering the Australian economy for many years, it is increasingly seen as an unsustainable and environmentally damaging energy source.  

The good news is that a range of cleaner energy sources can help Australia transition from coal. And solar energy is one of the most promising. Solar energy is a renewable energy source generated from a constantly replenished source – in this case, the sun. It is also a clean energy source, producing no greenhouse gas emissions or other pollutants.  

In addition to its environmental benefits, solar energy offers various economic advantages. For one thing, solar energy is becoming increasingly cost-effective, thanks to advancements in technology and economies of scale. According to the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA), large-scale solar energy costs have fallen by 90% over the past decade.  

 Another economic advantage of solar energy is its reliability. Because wholesale solar panels generate energy from the sun, they are not subject to the same supply chain risks and price volatility as fossil fuels. This makes solar power a more stable and predictable energy source, which can be particularly valuable for businesses and other organizations that rely on a steady electricity supply.  

The Role of Solmart in Advancing Solar Energy in Australia  

When it comes to advancing solar energy in Australia, Solmart is a game-changer. This solar wholesale supplier is at the forefront of making solar energy more accessible and affordable for everyday Australians.   

Here’s a closer look at the role that Solmart is playing in shaping Australia’s clean energy future:  

  Driving Down Costs:  

Cost is one of the biggest barriers to widespread solar energy adoption. While the long-term solar savings are clear, the upfront installation costs can be prohibitive for many businesses and households. This is where Solmart, a popular solar wholesalers Sydney, comes in.   

By purchasing solar products in bulk from manufacturers, Solmart can pass on significant cost savings to its customers. This makes solar energy more affordable for businesses and households, helping to drive adoption and spur further investment in the industry.  

Product Range:  

Solmart’s product range includes a wide variety of solar panels, wholesale solar inverters, and other components, as well as energy storage solutions that allow users to store excess energy for use at a later time. This range of products ensures customers can find solutions for their unique needs and budget.  

 Installation and Maintenance Services:  

Going solar can be a daunting task, particularly for those who are new to the technology. Solmart offers installation and maintenance services to help make the process as easy and hassle-free as possible. This means that customers can have peace of mind knowing that their solar system is being installed and maintained by professionals with the expertise and experience to do the job correctly.  

By offering a range of products and services that make solar energy more accessible and affordable, Solmart is playing a critical role in advancing the cause of clean energy in Australia.  

Bringing Solar Energy to the Masses: How Solmart is Making a Difference  

While the benefits of solar energy are clear, one of the challenges of transitioning to solar energy is reaching those currently unable to access it. Solmart is addressing this challenge by making solar energy more affordable and accessible to a broader range of customers.  

One way Solmart is making solar energy more accessible is by offering a range of financing options, including leasing and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). These options allow customers to install solar power systems with no upfront costs, making it easier for businesses and households to switch to solar energy. This also enables more people to access the cost savings that solar energy can provide.  

Solmart’s focus on accessibility has also led them to develop partnerships with organizations that increase access to solar energy in disadvantaged communities.   

For example, they work with community organizations, local councils, and other groups to install solar systems in low-income households and community centres. This helps to reduce energy costs and support the development of sustainable, resilient communities.  

Overall, Solmart’s efforts to make solar energy more affordable and accessible significantly impact Australia’s energy landscape. By bringing solar energy to the masses, Solmart is helping to create a more sustainable future for all Australians.  

Future Outlook for Solmart and Solar Energy in Australia  

Solmart’s success in advancing solar energy in Australia has led to significant growth in recent years, and the company has ambitious plans for the future. They are constantly expanding their product range and distribution network, enabling more people to access high-quality solar products and services.  

Looking ahead, Solmart is well-positioned to play a major role in shaping the future of Australia’s energy landscape. As the cost of solar energy continues to decline and the benefits of clean energy become more apparent, demand for solar power systems is expected to grow.   

 Solmart is committed to meeting this demand and helping to build a cleaner, more sustainable future for all Australians.  

In addition to expanding its product range and distribution network, Solmart invests in innovative technologies and distribution strategies. For example, they explore technology for more efficient and transparent solar energy trading. They are also developing new distribution channels to make it easier for customers to access solar products and services.   

 Conclusion   

Solmart’s wholesale solar distribution services are helping to shape Australia’s clean energy future by making solar energy more affordable and accessible to a wider range of customers. By providing expert guidance, high-quality products, and innovative financing options, Solmart is enabling businesses and households across Australia to switch to solar energy and enjoy the many benefits it provides.  

 With its commitment to innovation, quality, and accessibility, Solmart is well-positioned to play a major role in advancing solar energy in Australia and helping to build a cleaner, more sustainable future for all.  

[delhicom-blog]

No. 1 Australian Coal Suppliers & US Coal Suppliers in India & Nepal

Australian Coal comes in two varieties high grade bituminous and lignite. Australian Coal Suppliers in India & Nepal supply both qualities. We are one of the leading Imported coal suppliers in India, Nepal other neighbor countries. We are Indonesian Coal, South African Coal, US coal and Australian Coal Suppliers in India & Nepal. Coal is used in very vast industries like thermal industry, power plants, textile industry, steel plants.. etc.US coal one of the high in demand coal. US Coal suppliers in India and Nepal supply US coal to thermal plants, steel plants..etc. Being dominant imported coal suppliers in India & Nepal, we insure timely delivery on all major ports.To Connect with Australian Coal Suppliers and US Coal Suppliers in India & Bangladesh, visit vripl.com and get connected with us.#australiancoalsuppliers #australiancoalsuppliersinindia #australiancoalsuppliersinnepal #uscoalsuppliers #uscoalsuppliersinindia #uscoalsuppliersinnepal  #importedcoalsuppliersinnepal  #importedcoalsuppliersinindia #importedcoalsuppliers

[avisingh0133-blog]

Australian Coal Suppliers & US Coal in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh

Being Australian Coal Suppliers in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and having vast networking with miners we always ensure timely delivery & best price. V R International, Australian Coal suppliers provide a high quality of coal. Australian Coal has two verities, either is black coal or bituminous coal or brown coal or lignite. Australian coal is most demanded in thermal power plants, steel industry, cement industry, a textile industry many other sectors.

V R International is leading US coal suppliers in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. US Coal is high-grade coal which offers high thermal efficiency and carbon content and lower moisture. It is generally hard and having high density. Since US Coal has high thermal efficiency, it is considered best for metallurgical and chemical industries it also uses in high thermal efficiency intensive industries. V R International is the best US Coal Suppliers as compare to any other because of our network.

[melbmemories]

Our roads were paved with wood.

Sometimes known as Nicholson Paving, wooden blocks were used in St Petersburg in 1820 and Manchester in 1838.They were first suggested for Melbourne and Sydney streets in the early 1840s to overcome ongoing problems of sticky mud in winter and clouds of dust in summer.

But the honour of having Australia’s first wood paved streets goes to Echuca on the Murray River in 1867.  Test sections were laid in Melbourne at Spencer Street in 1880, and by March 1881 the wood paved intersection of Collins and Swanston streets was opened to traffic.

Hailed as being easy on horses hooves, clean, noiseless, low maintenance and durable solution to problems of street surfacing, hardwood blocks were laid vertically and coated annually with tar, a byproduct of the numerous coal-gas plants around the city.

Western Australian hardwoods were the undisputed kings of wood pavers, with Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and Karri (E. diversicolor) used extensively to pave the streets of London in 1893 and later in Freemantle in 1898.

Blue Gum (E. globulus), Gippsland Grey Box (E. bosistoana) and River Red Gum, then known as E. rostrata were the most common species used for paving in Victoria because of their inherent strength, durability and hardness as well as their ready availability from State forest and private land.

The Forbes Sawmill at Briagolong was one of many that cut red gum for street paving during the 1880s, while the forests along the Murray River also produced millions of blocks.The Goodwood Sawmill in the Mullungdung State forest near Yarram was a big supplier of durable Yellow Stringybark (E. muelleriana) to the Public Works Department.In 1897, A. C. Mountain published "Wood-paving in Australia", in which he recorded 112 acres of wood paving in Melbourne streets.That roughly equates to a staggering twenty million blocks.

By 1915 wood paving extended to most streets of central Melbourne, as well as many in the inner suburbs.Wood paving blocks were also used to build a new electric tram route across South Melbourne to St Kilda as late as 1925.

Bluestone blocks were more common in laneways and along gutters.

But by the 1930s wood paving was being replaced with concrete and the old tar-impregnated blocks became a popular substitute for firewood.

In 1954 the Melbourne City Council distributed 500 tons to pensioners for winter fuel.

[coalshastra]

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[swarajya7793]

Significant Impact of COVID-19 on Liquid Natural Gas in the Chemical and Materials Industry | Data Bridge Market Research

COVID-19 Impact on Liquid Natural Gas in the Chemical and Materials Industry

The epidemic of COVID-19 has caused immense and unforeseen social and economic tension. Its consequences are serious and it is too early to assess results, although its duration is uncertain. The LNG business is influenced in a variety of areas, with some obstacles but still having some prospects. The LNG industry will theoretically recover from this crisis more healthily than at the beginning of this year.

The first issue that impacted LNG (liquefied natural gas) was the collapse in the prices of crude oil. Brent crude oil dropped by mid-March 2020 to USD 24.88 per bbl from USD 70 per bbl in January 2020. The inclination to USD 34 per bbl in March compared with USD 64 per bbl in January may contribute to a decline in the price of LNG contracts, but the time gap embedded for other contracts which imply that the factors do not operate before mid-year. The average is around USD 64 per bbl.

Most of the customers gained lower spot rates last year because the majority of LNG was supplied under term contracts. In December 2019, the average LNG prices were USD 9.24 per MBtu imported into Japan. The real landed price could be half of that by mid-2020. Subsequent Asian markets are emerging from the current coronavirus or COVID-19. Crisis, low prices of the LNG are likely to boost the demand in the desired market.

Experts can see iron ore alternatives in Japan and Korea for gas / LNG, but demand in South Asia could be higher. Across Europe, a constructive reaction to demand is not expected to occur. For some time now prices were low as LNG traded is linked to gas hub prices instead of oil. Shortening has contributed to the lower gas usage and this is anticipated to decline in the second quarter as Europe ends the heating season. In March, LNG imports to Italy would possibly sum to only about one-third of last year's supply level in March.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON LNG

Gas industries are now experiencing fresh threats as a consequence of two events: the COVID 19 pandemics and global oil demand fluctuations as a result in the shortage of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Along with this, the existing imbalance between supply and demand in LNG markets will intensify and lengthen, contributing to a lower price setting. It could threaten, in the short term, up to 8% of global demand for LNG (over 25 million tonnes, or MTPA), whereas another one or two years could continue in the low price setting.

Current industry developments will jeopardize potential ventures and bring some firms under tremendous financial pressure including offshore gas discovery and development businesses, LNG suppliers and project developers. Meanwhile, purchasers of LNG will leverage on low rates to improve the contractual terms and facilitate the change from coal to natural gas. All companies are now checking their competitiveness and strengthening their business place in this modern world whether they maximize the gains of surplus or mitigate their disadvantages. The LNG industry controlled the effects of excess production until the COVID-19 pandemic. After 2015, global liquefaction production development peaked over 30 MTPA annually and the availability of LNG grew by about 10% each year. Markets could absorb this extra supply by a sluggish Chinese gas market growth in the early quarter of 2019 and by northeastern Asian demand contraction, pushing spot prices from 7 to 11 dollars per million British thermal units (mmbtu) in Europe and Asia to less than USD 5 per mmbtu.

The condition is predicted to escalate significantly with COVID-19. Through reducing economic growth, the pandemic has reduced the demand for natural gas in China, the second largest importer of LNG before now and the most steadily increasing LNG industry. While economic performance in China indicates a turnaround, Chinese natural gas demand growth would slip by half from previous estimates, at the annualized pace of inflation.

IMPACT ON DIFFERENT LNG

TRANSPORTATION LNG

The lock-ins was at sights as a consequence of rising prices for shipping to global markets and fast breakeven shale economies in the Covid-19. Companies in the value chain will react quickly, evaluate their position in light of the current business climate and take advantage of the short and long-term opportunity to gain value.

For instance,

In March, the Platts Gulf Coast Marker, which reflects the economies of American exports of LNG, was down below the Henry Hub. The U.S. LNG also seems vulnerable in a crisis- Asian consumers will just incur the toll payment for the cancelation of the U.S. LNG freight, whereas the cancelation of Australian or Qatar LNG freight requires the whole shipment to be billed or charged.

INDUSTRIAL AND POWER LNG

Major market players, similar to other LNG import companies, look unstable, this is most likely due to the contraction in business growth will lead to short-term impacts in energy production and the manufacturing companies. Early indicators in Italy have shown that after social distancing initiatives have been introduced, demand in certain sectors could have decreased in impacted regions by over 10 percent. While low LNG prices will allow some opportunities to switch to fuel in the short run, the structural and temporary existence of demand for natural gas is likely to restrict any potential upside on many markets, in conjunction with a rapidly falling overall energy demand.

COMPANIES STRATEGIC INITIATIVES DURING COVID-19

·         Wärtsilä launched the compact reliq reliquary machine in July 2020, which is designed to reliquify boil-off gas (BOG) on-board gas carriers and LNG bunker vessels and to maintain the cargo cold in all working conditions. The lightweight architecture enables it to be mounted on established vessels without significant maintenance research

·         In April 2020, Arctic LNG 1, a wholly-owned subsidiary of NOVATEK received approval for geological surveys, discovery and development in Gydan Peninsula with SLH 16637 NR in the Bukharinskiy sub-subsolar ship field. The concession area is partly situated in the offshore waters of a Bays of Ob and Taz in the independent state of Yamal-Nenets (YNAO) and will be granted for duration of up to 2050. The conditions of authorization mandate that the LNG natural resource should be utilized in the YNAO and neighboring water areas for liquefied natural gas infrastructure

·         In June 2020, Wärtsilä’s emissions abatement technology received order to provide its volatile organic compounds (VOC) recovery system together with an LNG fuel gas supply system, for two new 124,000 DWT shuttle tankers. The ships have been ordered by Knutsen NYK Offshore Tankers (KNOT), a leading independent owner and operator of shuttle tankers, and will be built at the Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine yard in Korea. The order with Wärtsilä was placed in April

·         In June 2020, Gazprom and RusKhimAlyans (project developer of the integrated gas processing and liquefaction complex; business was formed on a parity basis by Gazprom and RusGazDobycha) have concluded 20-year commercial contracts for the production of feed gas and selling of gas. The interconnected structure must also be supplied with raw resources in the long run

·         Gasum has launched new liquefied gas bunkering station in June 2020. The station is situated in the Port of Nynäshamn, Sweden, at the Ports of Stockholm. The new station had provided the innovative bunkering technologies that allow the ships to bunker environmentally sustainable fuel quicker than ever before. By implementing various strategies such as growing production capacity, new product releases, product availability, the manufacturers aim to achieve optimum market growth. The growth of LNG in application such as, transportation, industrial and power, and others is anticipated to offer favorable opportunities for the key players operating in the market. Factors such as the places for distribution and sales are expected to help improve the company's overall role. Small domestic players and emerging players in developing countries in particular are likely to gain opportunities to establish themselves on the market

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the effect of Covid-19 on the availability of LNG would continue much longer than the effects on global demand for LNG. The U.S. has been the new epicenter for the epidemic of COVID after the move from China to Europe, as the third most populated nation in the world and the biggest natural gas user, the implementation of restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID is expected to have a significant impact. Effects on the world demand for electricity due to freezing weather from mid-March until the end of April, the rise in usage was led by an improvement in increasing the gasoline prices in the residential and business market. Whereas throughout the industrial sector gas use has been very stable and over the span has risen marginally. The energy sector seems most affected by COVID, but despite a downward trend in electricity demand, has increased gas and renewable energy production, especially coal, is offsetting energy generation from many other sources.

With the transition of Covid-19 from China to America, the USA has been the global epicenter for the COVID epidemic. The implementation of restrictions to limit the spread of COVID is expected to have a significant impact on the global gas market, is the third-largest country with the population and the largest consumer of gas. Since these restrictions in the US were enforced at the start of March, the consumption of petrol rose relative to 2019. The rise in usage is motivated by cooler weather, which raised the demand for gas in the residential and business sectors from mid-March to the end of April 2020.

[rjzimmerman]

Excerpt from this story from the Washington Post:

As much of a warming world considers alternatives to coal, Australia embarked last year on one of the largest expansions of the industry in a generation. The Indian conglomerate Adani received approval to tap one of the world’s largest reserves of thermal coal, the kind that when burned in power plants releases carbon dioxide linked to climate change.

But something has shifted over the last several months.

Wildfires that have consumed an area larger than Portugal — and are still burning — have been made more devastating by climate change, scientists say.

That’s forced many here to confront the global impact of the Australian coal industry and along with it, the future of a national economy built in large part on briquettes.

Environmental activists are preparing an “autumn rebellion” of civil disobedience focused on Adani and its Carmichael Mine, as the project is called. Even those who have relied for years on coal revenue for their livelihoods are noticing with increasing alarm its harmful effects on their own, smaller worlds.

“When we started out on the tugs we’d fish right off the marina while we waited,” said Jim Forrest, a tug captain for 41 years in these now-opaque waters. “Now there is nothing at all.”

In Australia’s commodity-driven economy, coal has been either king or crown prince for generations. And it enjoyed the political support that comes with that status, more or less unquestioned, amid the rising global debate over the Earth’s warming.

But a series of ominous signs over the last three years have shaken the rock-solid support among Australians for their country’s leading export. The introspection has come with new international criticism over Australia’s role as one of the world’s main suppliers of coal, including to China and India — where greenhouse-gas emissions have been increasing.

In 2016 and 2017, a series of scientific reports showed that bleaching across the 1,400-mile Great Barrier Reef system had been far more extensive in recent years than previously thought. Then, last year, a study published in the journal Nature reported a nearly 90 percent collapse in new coral formation on the reef since the bleaching began.

Scientists here have called the fires a second sign, after the Great Barrier Reef’s bleaching, that a “tipping point” has been reached in the continent’s climate.

The public appears to agree. A poll released in November, as the fires began, found that 60 percent of Australians believe the government is not doing enough to address climate change, up by nearly double digits from just eight months earlier.

[darkwastelandwonderland-blog]

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